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Journal of Virology, April 2005, p. 4132-4139, Vol. 79, No. 7
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.7.4132-4139.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Specific Responses in Adult Ugandans: Patterns of Cross-Clade Recognition

Banson Barugahare,1 Chris Baker,2 Okumu K'Aluoch,2 Richard Donovan,2 Mohamed Elrefaei,2 Mark Eggena,3 Norman Jones,2 Steven Mutalya,1 Cissy Kityo,1 Peter Mugyenyi,1 and Huyen Cao2*

Joint Clinical Research Centre, Kampala, Uganda,1 California Department of Health Services, Richmond,2 University of California, San Francisco, California3

Received 4 October 2004/ Accepted 5 November 2004

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or AIDS is currently the leading cause of death in Uganda, with at least three HIV clades (subtypes) accounting for most new infections. Whether an effective vaccine formulated on viruses from a single clade will be able to protect against infection from other local clades remains unresolved. We examined the T-cell immune responses from a cohort of HIV-seropositive individuals in Uganda with predominantly clade A and D infections. Surprisingly, we observed similar frequencies of cross-clade T-cell responses to the gag, env, and nef regions. Our data suggest that the level of viral sequence variability between distinct HIV strains does not predict the degree of cross-clade responses. High sequence homologies were also observed between consensus peptides and sequences from viral isolates, supporting the use of consensus amino acid sequences to identify immunogenic regions in studies of large populations.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: California Department of Health Services, 850 Marina Bay Pkwy., Richmond, CA 94804. Phone: (510) 307-8913. Fax: (510) 307-8601. E-mail: hcao{at}dhs.ca.gov.

Journal of Virology, April 2005, p. 4132-4139, Vol. 79, No. 7
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.7.4132-4139.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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