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Journal of Virology, October 2005, p. 12979-12988, Vol. 79, No. 20
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.20.12979-12988.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Full-Breadth Analysis of CD8+ T-Cell Responses in Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Early Therapy

Georg M. Lauer,1*,{dagger} Michaela Lucas,3,{dagger} Joerg Timm,1 Kei Ouchi,1 Arthur Y. Kim,1 Cheryl L. Day,1 Julian Schulze zur Wiesch,1,2 Glaucia Paranhos-Baccala,4 Isabelle Sheridan,3 Deborah R. Casson,5 Markus Reiser,6 Rajesh T. Gandhi,1 Bin Li,1 Todd M. Allen,1 Raymond T. Chung,5 Paul Klenerman,3 and Bruce D. Walker1,2

Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129,1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02129,2 Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Peter Medawar Building, University of Oxford, United Kingdom,3 CNRS-BioMerieux, 69365 Lyon, France,4 Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02114,5 Medizinische Universitaetsklinik, Berufsgenossenschaftliche Kliniken Bergmannsheil, 44789 Bochum, Germany6

Received 22 March 2005/ Accepted 21 July 2005

Multispecific CD8+ T-cell responses are thought to be important for the control of acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but to date little information is actually available on the breadth of responses at early time points. Additionally, the influence of early therapy on these responses and their relationships to outcome are controversial. To investigate this issue, we performed comprehensive analysis of the breadth and frequencies of virus-specific CD8+ T-cell responses on the single epitope level in eight acutely infected individuals who were all started on early therapy. During the acute phase, responses against up to five peptides were identified. During therapy, CD8+ T-cell responses decreased rather than increased as virus was controlled, and no new specificities emerged. A sustained virological response following completion of treatment was independent of CD8+ T-cell responses, as well as CD4+ T-cell responses. Rapid recrudescence also occurred despite broad CD8+ T-cell responses. Importantly, in vivo suppression of CD3+ T cells using OKT3 in one subject did not result in recurrence of viremia. These data suggest that broad CD8+ T-cell responses alone may be insufficient to contain HCV replication, and also that early therapy is effective independent of such responses.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Partners AIDS Research Center and Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 149 13th Street, Charlestown, MA 02129. Phone: (617) 724-7515. Fax: (617) 724-9612. E-mail: glauer{at}helix.mgh.harvard.edu.

{dagger} G.M.L. and M.L. contributed equally to the work.

Journal of Virology, October 2005, p. 12979-12988, Vol. 79, No. 20
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.20.12979-12988.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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