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Journal of Virology, April 2000, p. 3486-3493, Vol. 74, No. 8
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

A Previously Unrecognized H-2Db-Restricted Peptide Prominent in the Primary Influenza A Virus-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Response Is Much Less Apparent following Secondary Challenge

Gabrielle T. Belz,1 Weidong Xie,1 John D. Altman,2 and Peter C. Doherty1,*

Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee,1 and Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia2

Received 16 November 1999/Accepted 18 January 2000

Respiratory challenge of H-2b mice with an H3N2 influenza A virus causes an acute, transient pneumonitis characterized by the massive infiltration of CD8+ T lymphocytes. The inflammatory process monitored by quantitative analysis of lymphocyte populations recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage is greatly enhanced by prior exposure to an H1N1 virus, with the recall of cross-reactive CD8+-T-cell memory leading to more rapid clearance of the infection from the lungs. The predominant epitope recognized by the influenza virus-specific CD8+ set has long been thought to be a nucleoprotein (NP366-374) presented by H-2Db (DbNP366). This continues to be true for the secondary H3N2right-arrowH1N1 challenge but can no longer be considered the case for the primary response to either virus. Quantitative analysis based on intracellular staining for gamma interferon has shown that the polymerase 2 protein (PA224-233) provides a previously undetected epitope (DbPA224) that is at least as prominent as DbNP366 during the first 10 days following primary exposure to either the H3N2 or H1N1 virus. The response to DbNP366 seems to continue for longer, even when infectious virus can no longer be detected, but there is no obvious difference in the prevalence of memory T cells specific for DbNP366 and DbPA224. The generalization that the magnitude of the functional memory T-cell pool is a direct consequence of the clonal burst size during the primary response may no longer be useful. Previous CD8+-T-cell immunodominance heirarchies defined largely by cytotoxic T-lymphocyte assays may need to be revised.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Immunology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, 332 N. Lauderdale, Memphis, TN 38105. Phone: (901) 495-3470. Fax: (901) 495-3107. E-mail: peter.doherty{at}stjude.org.

Journal of Virology, April 2000, p. 3486-3493, Vol. 74, No. 8
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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