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Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 10994-11000, Vol. 74, No. 23
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Env-Independent Infection of Human CD4minus Cells

Shen Pang,1,2 Duan Yu,1,2 Dong Sung An,3,4,5 Gayle C. Baldwin,3 Yiming Xie,3,4,5 Betty Poon,3,4,5 Yen-Hung Chow,1,2 No-Hee Park,1,2 and Irvin S. Y. Chen3,4,5,*

Division of Oral Biology and Medicine1 and UCLA Dental Institute,2 UCLA School of Dentistry, and Department of Medicine,3 Department of Microbiology and Immunology,4 and UCLA AIDS Institute,5 UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095

Received 20 April 2000/Accepted 19 August 2000

CD4- epithelial cells covering mucosal surfaces serve as the primary barrier to prevent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. We used HIV-1 vectors carrying the enhanced green fluorescent protein gene as a reporter gene to demonstrate that HIV-1 can infect some CD4- human epithelial cell lines with low but significant efficiencies. Importantly, HIV-1 infection of these cell lines is independent of HIV-1 envelope proteins. The Env-independent infection of CD4- cells by HIV-1 suggests an alternative pathway for HIV-1 transmission. Even on virions bearing Env, a neutralizing antibody directed against gp120 is incapable of neutralizing the infection of these cells, thus raising potential implications for HIV-1 vaccine development.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, and UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, 10833 Le Conte Ave., Los Angeles, CA 90095. Phone: (310) 825-4793. Fax: (310) 794-7682. E-mail: rtaweesu{at}ucla.edu.

Journal of Virology, December 2000, p. 10994-11000, Vol. 74, No. 23
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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