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Journal of Virology, December 1998, p. 10011-10019, Vol. 72, No. 12
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

The LEF-4 Subunit of Baculovirus RNA Polymerase Has RNA 5'-Triphosphatase and ATPase Activities

Jianping Jin,1,3 Wen Dong,2,3 and Linda A. Guarino1,2,3,*

Departments of Biochemistry and Biophysics1 and Entomology2 and Center for Advanced Invertebrate Molecular Sciences,3 Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-2128

Received 8 June 1998/Accepted 9 September 1998

The baculovirus Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus encodes a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is required for transcription of viral late genes. This polymerase is composed of four equimolar subunits, LEF-8, LEF-4, LEF-9, and p47. The LEF-4 subunit has guanylyltransferase activity, suggesting that baculoviruses may encode a full complement of capping enzymes. Here we show that LEF-4 is a bifunctional enzyme that hydrolyzes the gamma phosphates of triphosphate-terminated RNA and also hydrolyzes ATP and GTP to the respective diphosphate forms. Alanine substitution of five residues previously shown to be essential for vaccinia virus RNA triphosphatase activity inactivated the triphosphatase component of LEF-4 but not the guanylyltransferase domain. Conversely, mutation of the invariant lysine in the guanylyltransferase domain abolished the guanylyltransferase activity without affecting triphosphatase function. We also investigated the effects of substituting phenylalanine for leucine at position 105, a mutation that results in a virus that is temperature sensitive for late gene expression. We found that this mutation had no significant effect on the ATPase or guanylyltransferase activity of LEF-4 but resulted in a modest decrease in RNA triphosphatase activity.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2128. Phone: (409) 845-7556. Fax: (409) 845-9274. E-mail: lguarino{at}tamu.edu.

Journal of Virology, December 1998, p. 10011-10019, Vol. 72, No. 12
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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