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Journal of Virology, February 2005, p. 2631-2636, Vol. 79, No. 4
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.4.2631-2636.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Detection and Partial Characterization of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus SIVsm Strains from Bush Meat Samples from Rural Sierra Leone

Cristian Apetrei,1,2* Michael J. Metzger,1 David Richardson,3 Binhua Ling,1 Paul T. Telfer,1 Patricia Reed,1 David L. Robertson,3 and Preston A. Marx1,2

Microbiology Division, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington,1 Tulane Health Sciences Center, Tulane School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Department of Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana,2 School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom3

Received 16 August 2004/ Accepted 22 September 2004

Human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2) originated from simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) that naturally infect sooty mangabeys (SMs; Cercocebus atys). In order to further investigate the relationship between HIV-2 and SIVsm, the SIV specific to the SM, we characterized seven new SIVsm strains from SMs sold in Sierra Leone markets as bush meat. The gag, pol, and env sequences showed that, while the viruses of all seven SMs belonged to the SIVsm-HIV-2 lineage, they were highly divergent viruses, in spite of the fact that most of the samples originated from the same geographical region. They clustered in three lineages, two of which have been previously reported. Two of the new SIVsm strains clustered differently in gag and env phylogenetic trees, suggesting SIVsm recombination that had occurred in the past. In spite of the fact that our study doubles the number of known SIVsm strains from wild SMs, none of the simian strains were close to the groups in which HIV-2 was epidemic (groups A and B).

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, 18703 Three Rivers Rd., Covington, LA 70433. Phone: (985) 871-6518. Fax: (985) 871-6248. E-mail: capetrei{at}tulane.edu.

Journal of Virology, February 2005, p. 2631-2636, Vol. 79, No. 4
0022-538X/05/$08.00+0     doi:10.1128/JVI.79.4.2631-2636.2005
Copyright © 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.



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