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Journal of Virology, March 2000, p. 2502-2509, Vol. 74, No. 6
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Immunization with a Modified Vaccinia Virus Expressing Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV) Gag-Pol Primes for an Anamnestic Gag-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Response and Is Associated with Reduction of Viremia after SIV Challenge

Aruna Seth,1 Ilnour Ourmanov,2 Jorn E. Schmitz,1 Marcelo J. Kuroda,1 Michelle A. Lifton,1 Christine E. Nickerson,1 Linda Wyatt,3 Miles Carroll,3 Bernard Moss,3 David Venzon,4 Norman L. Letvin,1 and Vanessa M. Hirsch2,*

Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 021151; Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 208522; and Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases,3 and Division of Clinical Sciences, Biostatistics and Data Management Section, National Cancer Institute,4 National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892

Received 16 September 1999/Accepted 8 December 1999

The immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) recombinant expressing the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) Gag-Pol proteins (MVA-gag-pol) was explored in rhesus monkeys expressing the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I allele, MamuA*01. Macaques received four sequential intramuscular immunizations with the MVA-gag-pol recombinant virus or nonrecombinant MVA as a control. Gag-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) responses were detected in all MVA-gag-pol-immunized macaques by both functional assays and flow cytometric analyses of CD8+ T cells that bound a specific MHC complex class I-peptide tetramer, with levels peaking after the second immunization. Following challenge with uncloned SIVsmE660, all macaques became infected; however, viral load set points were lower in MVA-gag-pol-immunized macaques than in the MVA-immunized control macaques. MVA-gag-pol-immunized macaques exhibited a rapid and substantial anamnestic CTL response specific for the p11C, C-M Gag epitope. The level at which CTL stabilized after resolution of primary viremia correlated inversely with plasma viral load set point (P = 0.03). Most importantly, the magnitude of reduction in viremia in the vaccinees was predicted by the magnitude of the vaccine-elicited CTL response prior to SIV challenge.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: NIAID Twinbrook II Facility, 12441 Parklawn Dr., Rockville, MD 20852. Phone: (301) 496-2976. Fax: (301) 480-2618. E-mail: vhirsch{at}nih.gov.

Journal of Virology, March 2000, p. 2502-2509, Vol. 74, No. 6
0022-538X/00/$04.00+0
Copyright © 2000, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.


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