This Article
Right arrow Full Text
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Services
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrowReprints and Permissions
Right arrow Copyright Information
Right arrow Books from ASM Press
Right arrow MicrobeWorld
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Summerfield, A.
Right arrow Articles by McCullough, K. C.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Summerfield, A.
Right arrow Articles by McCullough, K. C.

 Previous Article  |  Next Article 

J Virol, March 1998, p. 1853-1861, Vol. 72, No. 3
0022-538X/98/$04.00+0
Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology. All rights reserved.

Lymphocyte Apoptosis during Classical Swine Fever: Implication of Activation-Induced Cell Death

Artur Summerfield,* Sonja M. Knötig, and Kenneth C. McCullough

Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, CH-3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland

Received 14 October 1997/Accepted 14 November 1997

Infection of pigs with classical swine fever virus (CSFV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, causes a severe leukopenia, particularly notable with the lymphocytes. The goal of this study was to analyze mechanisms behind this CSFV-induced lymphopenia. To this end, the kinetics of leukocyte depletion, the appearance of apoptotic cells, and virus infection of leukocytes after infection of pigs with the virulent CSFV strain Brescia were analyzed. Depletion of B and T lymphocytes was noted as early as 1 day postinfection (p.i.). Circulating viable lymphocytes with reduced mitochondrial transmembrane potential---a particular early marker for apoptosis---were also detectable as early as 1 day p.i. When isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured for 6 h, significantly more sub-G1 cells with reduced DNA content were detected among the lymphocytes from CSFV-infected animals, again as early as 1 to 3 days p.i. The first time virus was first found in the plasma, as well as infection of leukocytes, was 3 days p.i. However, throughout the observation time of 1 week, <3% of the circulating leukocytes and no lymphocytes contained virus or viral antigen. Further analysis of the T lymphocytes from infected animals demonstrated an increase in CD49d, major histocompatibility complex class II, and Fas expression. An increased susceptibility to apoptosis in vitro was also observed, particularly after addition of concanavalin A as well as apoptosis-inducing anti-Fas antibody to the cultures. Taken together, these results imply that activation-induced programmed cell death was the mechanism behind lymphopenia during classical swine fever.

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: Institute of Virology and Immunoprophylaxis, Sensemattstrasse 293, 3147 Mittelhäusern, Switzerland. Phone: 41-31-8489377. Fax: 41-31-8489222. E-mail: artur.summerfield{at}ivi.admin.ch.




This article has been cited by other articles:

  • Shi, Z., Sun, J., Guo, H., Tu, C. (2009). Genomic expression profiling of peripheral blood leukocytes of pigs infected with highly virulent classical swine fever virus strain Shimen. J. Gen. Virol. 90: 1670-1680 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Doceul, V., Charleston, B., Crooke, H., Reid, E., Powell, P. P., Seago, J. (2008). The Npro product of classical swine fever virus interacts with I{kappa}B{alpha}, the NF-{kappa}B inhibitor. J. Gen. Virol. 89: 1881-1889 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gomez-Villamandos, J. C., Garcia de Leaniz, I., Nunez, A., Salguero, F. J., Ruiz-Villamor, E., Romero-Trevejo, J. L., Sanchez-Cordon, P. J. (2006). Neuropathologic study of experimental classical Swine Fever.. Vet Pathol 43: 530-540 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Genghini, R., Tiranti, I., Bressan, E., Zamorano-Ponce, E., Fernandez, J., Dulout, F. (2006). Determination of genotoxicity of classical swine fever vaccine in vitro by cytogenetic and comet tests. Mutagenesis 21: 213-217 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Diaz-San Segundo, F., Salguero, F. J., de Avila, A., Fernandez de Marco, M. M., Sanchez-Martin, M. A., Sevilla, N. (2006). Selective Lymphocyte Depletion during the Early Stage of the Immune Response to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus Infection in Swine. J. Virol. 80: 2369-2379 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Natoni, A., Kass, G. E. N., Carter, M. J., Roberts, L. O. (2006). The mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis is triggered during feline calicivirus infection. J. Gen. Virol. 87: 357-361 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sanchez-Cordon, P. J., Nunez, A., Salguero, F. J., Pedrera, M., Fernandez de Marco, M., Gomez-Villamandos, J. C. (2005). Lymphocyte Apoptosis and Thrombocytopenia in Spleen during Classical Swine Fever: Role of Macrophages and Cytokines. Vet Pathol 42: 477-488 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • La Rocca, S. A., Herbert, R. J., Crooke, H., Drew, T. W., Wileman, T. E., Powell, P. P. (2005). Loss of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3 in Cells Infected with Classical Swine Fever Virus Involves the N-Terminal Protease, Npro. J. Virol. 79: 7239-7247 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Resendes, A. R., Majo, N., Segales, J., Mateu, E., Calsamiglia, M., Domingo, M. (2004). Apoptosis in lymphoid organs of pigs naturally infected by porcine circovirus type 2. J. Gen. Virol. 85: 2837-2844 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • von Freyburg, M., Ege, A., Saalmuller, A., Meyers, G. (2004). Comparison of the effects of RNase-negative and wild-type classical swine fever virus on peripheral blood cells of infected pigs. J. Gen. Virol. 85: 1899-1908 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Carrasco, C. P., Rigden, R. C., Vincent, I. E., Balmelli, C., Ceppi, M., Bauhofer, O., Tache, V., Hjertner, B., McNeilly, F., van Gennip, H. G., McCullough, K. C., Summerfield, A. (2004). Interaction of classical swine fever virus with dendritic cells. J. Gen. Virol. 85: 1633-1641 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Bensaude, E., Turner, J. L. E., Wakeley, P. R., Sweetman, D. A., Pardieu, C., Drew, T. W., Wileman, T., Powell, P. P. (2004). Classical swine fever virus induces proinflammatory cytokines and tissue factor expression and inhibits apoptosis and interferon synthesis during the establishment of long-term infection of porcine vascular endothelial cells. J. Gen. Virol. 85: 1029-1037 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Ruggli, N., Tratschin, J.-D., Schweizer, M., McCullough, K. C., Hofmann, M. A., Summerfield, A. (2003). Classical Swine Fever Virus Interferes with Cellular Antiviral Defense: Evidence for a Novel Function of Npro. J. Virol. 77: 7645-7654 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Sanchez-Cordon, P. J., Romanini, S., Salguero, F. J., Ruiz-Villamor, E., Carrasco, L., Gomez-Villamandos, J. C. (2003). A Histopathologic, Immunohistochemical, and Ultrastructural Study of the Intestine in Pigs Inoculated with Classical Swine Fever Virus. Vet Pathol 40: 254-262 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Gomez-Villamandos, J. C., Salguero, F. J., Ruiz-Villamor, E., Sanchez-Cordon, P. J., Bautista, M. J., Sierra, M. A. (2003). Classical Swine Fever: Pathology of Bone Marrow. Vet Pathol 40: 157-163 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Hulst, M. M., van Gennip, H. G. P., Vlot, A. C., Schooten, E., de Smit, A. J., Moormann, R. J. M. (2001). Interaction of Classical Swine Fever Virus with Membrane-Associated Heparan Sulfate: Role for Virus Replication In Vivo and Virulence. J. Virol. 75: 9585-9595 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Summerfield, A., Zingle, K., Inumaru, S., McCullough, K. C. (2001). Induction of apoptosis in bone marrow neutrophil-lineage cells by classical swine fever virus. J. Gen. Virol. 82: 1309-1318 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Tumpey, T. M., Lu, X., Morken, T., Zaki, S. R., Katz, J. M. (2000). Depletion of Lymphocytes and Diminished Cytokine Production in Mice Infected with a Highly Virulent Influenza A (H5N1) Virus Isolated from Humans. J. Virol. 74: 6105-6116 [Abstract] [Full Text]  
  • Leyssen, P., De Clercq, E., Neyts, J. (2000). Perspectives for the Treatment of Infections with Flaviviridae. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 13: 67-82 [Abstract] [Full Text]  


Copyright © 2009 by the American Society for Microbiology.   For an alternate route to Journals.ASM.org, visit: http://intl-journals.asm.org | More Info»